Understanding the Motor Vehicles Act 2019
The 2019 amendment was a landmark change in Indian traffic laws, aiming to improve safety through significantly higher deterrents.
Officer Rank and Fines
A common question is: "Can a traffic constable fine me?" The answer is generally No for heavy fines. Only officers with the rank of Sub-Inspector or above are authorized to issue compounding challans (spot fines). A constable can stop you and ask for documents, but cannot legally fine you for major violations on the spot.
Electronic Documentation
You do not need to carry physical copies of your License, RC, Insurance, or PUC. Under Rule 139 of the Central Motor Vehicles Rules, digital versions on government apps like mParivahan or DigiLocker are legally valid and must be accepted by the police.
Emergency Vehicles Penalty
Under the new act, failing to give way to an emergency vehicle (Ambulance/Fire Brigade) can lead to a fine of up to ₹10,000 or community service.